The room takes its name from the wall decorations that have as their subject the biblical events of Samuel and were made by Cesare Nebbia and Giovanni Guerra. The hall is crowned by the coat of arms of Pope Sixtus V, which, in the center of the vault, again recalls the centrality of Pontiff Peretti in the realization of the palace. The prophetic figure of Samuel reminds the whole Church that its task is to instruct and guard the faithful in faith and charity.